政府公信力的信息互动选择机理探究

政府公信力事关政府存亡,是提高政府工作效能的重要保障。当前政府绩效提升与公信度不一定呈正向演进趋势,其中政府、媒体、公众三者对于政务信息的选择性接受和传播造成的沟通变异是其重要根源之一。为了提升政府公信力,本文在借鉴国内外相关理论研究的基础上,剖析了政府公信力的GMP信息选择机理,并运用此机理对政府公信力流失的过程进行了研究和探索,同时提出了相关对策建议。     

构建高校科学的权力运行制约与监督机制

构建高校科学的权力运行制约与监督机制是促进权力运行阳光化、规范化和科学化的一般要求,也是落实党的教育方针、促进高校自身变革、加强党风廉政建设的必然要求。要以权力配置科学化助推高校科学的权力运行制约和监督机制,促进高校党政权力、行政权力和学术权力的合理配置与相互制约,保障党委内部权力的划分与权力结构的有序化;以监督体制的协调化推进高校科学的权力运行制约和监督机制,建立和完善巡视监督制度,规范专门机构监督,积极鼓励广大民众的监督;以监督成果的长效化巩固高校科学的权力运行制约和监督机制,形成权力运行的内部动力,完善权力健康运行的外在条件,发挥文化制度的惩戒功能。     

Overcoming the tragedy of super wicked problems: constraining our future selves to ameliorate global climate change

Most policy-relevant work on climate change in the social sciences either analyzes costs and benefits of particular policy options against important but often narrow sets of objectives or attempts to explain past successes or failures. We argue that an ??applied forward reasoning?? approach is better suited for social scientists seeking to address climate change, which we characterize as a ??super wicked?? problem comprising four key features: time is running out; those who cause the problem also seek to provide a solution; the central authority needed to address it is weak or non-existent; and, partly as a result, policy responses discount the future irrationally. These four features combine to create a policy-making ??tragedy?? where traditional analytical techniques are ill equipped to identify solutions, even when it is well recognized that actions must take place soon to avoid catastrophic future impacts. To overcome this tragedy, greater attention must be given to the generation of path-dependent policy interventions that can ??constrain our future collective selves.?? Three diagnostic questions result that orient policy analysis toward understanding how to trigger sticky interventions that, through progressive incremental trajectories, entrench support over time while expanding the populations they cover. Drawing especially from the literature on path dependency, but inverting it to develop policy responses going forward, we illustrate the plausibility of our framework for identifying new areas of research and new ways to think about policy interventions to address super wicked problems.     

社区公共服务中的“吸纳式供给”与“合作式供给”——以社区减灾为例

本文研究多元主体供给社区公共产品的合作形成机制。在社区减灾中,公共服务供给主要有吸纳式供给和合作式供给两种模式。通过对这两种模式的比较分析,本文提出:政府对社会的总体性支配已经向政府、社会公私合作治理转变,不过,多元主体供给公共服务存在不同模式,不同模式的选择取决于行政考核形成的压力环境、事权与财权的匹配度。     

社会企业初探

社会企业是一种为实现既定的社会目标和可持续发展而进行商业交易的新型组织形态。社会企业所具有的双重特征,使得它在解决社会问题、改进公共服务供给、推动经济持续发展、促进社会融合等方面发挥了无可替代的重要的作用,创造性地弥补了政府不足所带来的空白以及传统营利组织和非营利组织所固有的内在缺陷。阐释社会企业的内涵,探究其兴起的背景,分析其发展的意义和作用,有助于我们更深刻认识它的本质,厘清它与其他组织的异同,为推动其在我国的发展营造良好的环境。     

Deterring discrimination with data

Discrimination on grounds of race, sex, and handicap persists in many local school districts in spite of nearly twenty years of sustained attention from federal policymakers. Because litigation proceeds slowly and expensively, and because administrative attacks on discrimination have been stymied by political controversy, additional policy strategies merit careful consideration. We studied the operation of one such strategy in nine local districts: the mandatory collection of data concerning civil rights matters in schools. Data collection and reporting shaped local compliance with civil rights laws in four ways: by threatening local officials with future penalties, by providing political ammunition to constituencies that care about civil rights, by allowing local districts to learn about their own performance, and by framing school practices in ways that heighten awareness about equity. In this policy setting, data collection has advantages and disadvantages that complement those of other enforcement strategies. In this and other policy settings, data collection has power to elicit compliance even in the absence of conventional enforcement.This paper is based on research supported by the National Institute of Education, Grants NIE-G-81-0037, NIE-G-81-0038, and NIE-G-83-0008. We acknowledge with gratitude the research assistance of Rosa Yvonne Herrera, Elizabeth Greenberg, and Lauren Rothfarb, and the encouragement of Grace Mastalli.     

公共政策过程视角下的高校扩招政策分析

高校扩招政策的存在有一定现实合理性,对高等教育和社会的发展带来了积极影响,但是近几年,高校扩招政策带来的问题越来越突出,我们从公共政策过程分析的视角对该政策进行全面的认识。     

What has gone wrong with inclusive education in Thailand?

This article critically reviews the inclusive education policy in Thailand. Since 1939, the Thai government has promoted the right of persons with disabilities to education. However, very little is known about the reasons why the inclusive education policy in Thailand has failed to motivate school‐aged children to participate in mainstream schools. This article argues that (i) the government has no coherent policy implementation; (ii) school teachers are not well trained to deal with students with disabilities; and (iii) universal design is not well placed. These three major factors have hindered the Thai government in its efforts to empower persons with disabilities through education. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.